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Mars in Vedic Astrology · Rules Aries and Scorpio · Astrovene
Mars is the karaka of courage. Siblings, courage and land are the significations the tradition attaches to it, and it is the natural karaka of two bhavas: the third, of initiative and younger siblings, and the sixth, of contest and adversaries.
It lords Aries and Scorpio, the first and the eighth signs, placing its two houses across the circle from one another rather than adjacent. The first twelve degrees of Aries are its moolatrikona. It exalts in Capricorn, deepest at the twenty-eighth degree, the highest exaltation degree of the seven, and falls in Cancer.
Its drishti is where it is unlike the others. Every graha aspects the seventh house from itself; Mars additionally casts a full aspect on the fourth and the eighth. Those two are its alone: Jupiter takes the fifth and ninth, Saturn the third and tenth, and the remaining four nothing beyond the seventh.
Mrigashira, Chitra and Dhanishtha are its nakshatras. Each straddles a sign boundary, opening in an earth sign and closing in an air one, the same seat the Sun and Jupiter hold elsewhere in the circle.
Seven of the hundred and twenty Vimshottari years are Mars's, as Ketu's are, with only the Sun's six shorter. Its directional strength is greatest in the tenth house, and the fields associated with it are those requiring force applied precisely: engineering, defence, surgery, work in land and property.
The Sun, Moon and Jupiter are its natural friends, Mercury its enemy, Venus and Saturn neutral, and it is classed a natural malefic. For the Cancer and Leo lagnas it becomes a yogakaraka, meaning one graha lords a kendra and a trikona at once; of the twelve lagnas only those two give Mars the role.